Conditional Sentence: Subjective Mood.

4 types of conditional sentences.

** Zero conditional: No conditions

If + sentence, main sentence (if = when)

If + present simple, present simple.

When the file is in the recycle bin, you move it to a folder in My Documents.

If the file isn’t in the Recycle bin, you install undeleted software.

If you are hungry, eat some food.

If you want to find a job, you have to learn English.

When you are ill, you have to go to the doctor.

If you buy a new product, you have to read the instruction carefully.

If you are tired, please take a rest.

If want to have a better life, try harder.

If you drink this poison, you die.

** First conditional: real possibility. Present & Future

If the sentence, the main sentence

If present simple, will/should/may/can

If you don’t get up early, you will be late for work.

If you don’t learn hard, you will not (won’t) pass the exam.

If it snows tomorrow, students won’t go to school.

If you don’t tell me the truth, I won’t help you.

If I see her, I will tell her.

You will have to call the police if you lose your money.

You won’t get well if you don’t take good rest.

If I miss the bus, I will walk to work. / Take a taxi.

I will give you iPad if you finish your homework.

If you don’t practice, you will fail the exam.

If I have enough money, I will buy a new pair of shoes.

** Other expressions can be used in first conditionals.

As long as/ provided that – only if.

As long as you get home, you will have to cook.

Provided that you have enough money, will you help me?

As long as you earn money, you will have to pay your debt back.

Provided that the bus comes on time, we will arrive at the conference at the right time.

Provided that the weather is sunny, we will spend some time at the beach.

Second conditionals (an unreal situation, probability)- Present & Future.

If + simple past, would/could/might + v1

If I won one million dollars, I would buy a villa.

If I were you, I would go abroad. (Was, were Were).

If I had enough money, I would help you.

If I had a passport, I would travel abroad.

If I were in my own country, I would open my own kindergarten.

If I lived in my homeland, I would get on well with my siblings.

If- Supposing that/ Imagine that, Assuming that

Supposing that you won one million dollars, would you buy a villa?

Imagine that you lived in the US, would you marry an American?

Assuming that there were no earthquakes, would you donate the money to the poor?

Supposing that you were superman, would you help the victims?

Imagine that you went to Canada, what would you like to do? (No money now)

Assuming that you worked as a policeman, would you dedicate your life to your homeland?

Third Conditionals (Impossibility, regret, complaints) Past.

If + had + V3, would have + V3.

If I hadn’t come to Turkey, I would have led a better life. 

If I had passed my exam, I would have become a doctor.

If I had bought a car a year ago, I would have sold it expensive.

If I had gotten up early, I wouldn’t have been late for work.

If I had invested in Bitcoin, I would have become a millionaire.

If you had listened to me, you would have lived a rich life.

If she had learned IT, she would have earned a lot of money.

I wish/if only.

Express dissatisfaction with the present situation.

I wish + past simple.

I wish I were rich.

I wish I didn’t go to work.

I wish I met you earlier.

I wish I never met you.

I wish you died.

I wish I lived in a different country.

Express regret about the past.

I wish + past perfect (had+v3)

I wish I had gone to Germany 10 years ago.

I wish I had had 20 children when I was younger.

I wish I hadn’t shown disrespectful behavior toward the elderly.

I wish I had bought an iPhone last year.

Express annoyance, you expect the situation to be different.

I wish (that) I would + V1.

I wish my mom wouldn’t treat me like I was born yesterday.

I wish my baby girl would sleep well tonight.

I wish the rent would be lower.

Express something which we are unable to.

I wish + could + V1.

I wish I could make a cake.

I wish I could fly.

I wish I could rescue the earthquake victims.

I wish I could drive a crane and save the victims.

Model Deductions. (Mode Perfect)

Mode + Perfect tense.

** We use model perfect to make guesses about the past.

** Should have done: something was a good idea, but it didn’t happen.

You should have learned IT earlier.

You should have told me earlier.

You should have told me the truth.

** Shouldn’t have done: something wasn’t a good idea, but it happened.

You shouldn’t have gone to that party.

You shouldn’t have left her alone.

She shouldn’t have driven the car fast.

** Must have done it is logically certain that something happened.

The door is open, my flatmate must have come earlier.

She looks very happy; she must have passed her exam.

You seem very sad; you must have lost your boyfriend.

He missed the meeting; his car must have been broken.

The whole building smells amazing, she must have cooked meat pies.

**Couldn’t have done; it is not possible that something happened.

You couldn’t have finished your homework in 5 minutes. Your homework is an essay. 

He couldn’t have been with another woman because I was with him the whole day yesterday.

Abubaker couldn’t have had 10 children, he is just 21. No, he has 10 wives.